This comprehensive review attempts to comprehensively elucidate the complex interactions between demyelination, epigenetic regulation, and the influence of diet on microglia and macrophage polarisation in Multiple sclerosis background. Through meticulous exploration of the mechanistic underpinnings, including autoimmune processes, oxidative stress, and immune cell orchestration in the central nervous system, we aim to provide an understanding Comprehensive coverage of MS pathogenesis. Furthermore, this review discusses therapeutic implications and integrative approaches, providing insights for the management of this multifaceted neurological disorder. A dedicated section is included to delve into the role of Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its significance in the context of MS.

 

 

Key words: MS pathogenesis, Central Nervous System, mechanisms.