Glutaminergic Modulation: Unveiling the Role in Neuroplasticity and Mental Health Disorders. Role...
Talk Title: Glutaminergic Modulation: Unveiling the Role in Neuroplasticity and Mental Health Disorders. Role of therapeutic agents.
Author: Dr. Uday Sankar Akash Vankayala Medical Graduate, Mallareddy Institute of Medical Sciences Medical Rotation, Dearborn Cardiology, Michigan
Email: usavankayala@gmail.com
Volume: Neuroplasticity and Brain Health 2023_CN39_AA02
Co-Author:
Dr. Uday Shree Akkala Shetty
Medical Graduate, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences
Medical Rotation, Dearborn Cardiology Hospital, Michigan Email: udayshree98@gmail.com International Live Conference on Neuroplasticity and Mental Health
Date: August 05, 2023
Time: 8 PM Indian Standard Time
Location: Online Conference
Theme: Unveiling the Adaptive Power of the Brain for Mental Well-being
Abstract:
Description
INTRODUCTION:
The ability of neurons and other brain components to change in response to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs is known as neuroplasticity. It includes a number of processes, such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal growth and remodeling, and neurogenesis, whose dysregulation can lead to a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, including MDD, Bipolar disorder, PTSD, and others.
OUTLINE:
Patients with mood disorders have been found to exhibit evidence of neuroplastic changes, such as reductions in hippocampal and cortical volume, glial and neuronal cell density, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor; chronic stress, a major precipitator of mood disorders, has been evidenced to cause many of the same neuroplastic changes to occur in animal models
Numerous ideas that have been linked to neuroplasticity and mood disorders have been proposed, such as the monoamine hypothesis and the glutamate hypothesis. The neuroplasticity hypothesis focused on glutamate may lead to a more considerable development of new drugs and therapies in mental health.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Glutamate as a major excitatory neurotransmitter plays a critical role in neuroplasticity and in processes of learning and memory. Vast majority of neurons and synapses in brain areas and circuits mediating complex cognitive-emotional behaviors use glutamate as neurotransmitter and long-term changes in these areas and circuits represent the biological underpinnings of mood disorders. The neuroplasticity hypothesis of mood disorders stems from the evidence that acute and chronic stress and depression itself lead to glutamate release dysregulation, impaired glutamate cycling and metabolism, and glutamatergic excitotoxity.
According to the monoamine theory, deficiency in serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine is what causes depressed symptoms to manifest.
There is growing evidence that the pathophysiology of mood disorders is influenced by disruption of glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. A growing amount of evidence points to the importance of synaptic plasticity-related signal transduction pathways in the molecular mechanisms underpinning the quickly acting antidepressant effects of ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists in MDD.
.
STUDY ANALYSIS:
Research into the neuroprotective effects of mood stabilizers and the neuroplasticity effects of glutamatergic psychedelics is becoming increasingly important. Along with a discussion of glutamatergic alterations in bipolar disorder and other mood disorders, few researches report available data on the neuroprotective and neuroplastic potential of the classic mood stabilizers, ketamine, and other psychedelics. Systematic review confirmed the glutamatergic activity of ketamine as the main mechanism of action behind its rapid antidepressant effect. Molecular neuroplastic changes that occur rapidly after exposure to ketamine encompass an increase in molecules involved in modulating neuroplasticity, particularly glutamate, Psychedelics have classically been seen as serotonergic substances. However, there is increasing evidence that their mode of action is closely related to the glutamatergic system and to neuroplasticity. Psychedelics robustly promote structural and functional neural plasticity in key circuits relevant to brain health and mood.
Studies have also showed that depletion of serotonin and catecholamines did not always result in depressed symptoms. Only 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients who receive sufficient treatment enjoy full remission, while up to 46% of individuals with depression develop a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) when they do not respond to first-line therapy.
EPITOME OF ABSTRACT:
The neuroplasticity hypothesis focused on glutamate may lead to a more considerable development of new drugs and therapies than monoamine hypothesis, suggesting a paradigm shift in the working hypothesis of mood disorders.
………..
Keywords: neuroplasticity, glutamate excitotoxicity, psychedelics
Biography:
Speaker 1:
I am Dr. Uday Sankar Akash Vankayala, a medical graduate from Mallareddy institute of medical sciences, aspiring to pursue a career in the United States. I am right now doing, a medical rotation in Dearborn cardiology, Michigan. From an early age, I was fascinated by the intricate mechanisms of the human body and worked hard at pace to be a doctor. I am a passionate doctor embarking on delivering high quality care to my patients with outmost care. Curious by nature, I am always enthusiastic to learn and embrace new innovations and advancements in the field of medicine. I personally worked on a couple of research projects and case reports. I have volunteered for several health camps and always on frontline for healthcare services and skills. I am a good listener and had an empathetic ear for the needy. I always take challenges as a learning opportunity, ready to tackle any problem thrown my way, and I won’t hesitate to question the those which I don’t understand or need assistance with. I like exploring new places and merging in new working environments. As hobbies, I love travelling and reading which helps me unwind from reality and learn about various cultures and mediums. I even love teaching and mentoring my colleagues, juniors to grow as a team and complimenting growth for all. My goal is to strive for a better future with accessible and supreme health care to every individual, thereby cherishing a healthy society.
Speaker 2:
Dr. Uday Shree Akkala Shetty, a medical graduate from Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, is aspiring for a US residency while rotating at Dearborn Cardiology Hospital in Michigan. He believes that medical professionals can improve people's lives through learning, sharing knowledge, and participating in preventive and health improvement initiatives. During his rotations, he learned the importance of excellent communication, fostering trust, and understanding patients' needs. He believes that prevention is key to building healthier communities and actively volunteers in preventive programs, such as tackling tuberculosis and leprosy. He also participates in health camps to enhance public health. As a well-rounded individual, he values hobbies and interests, particularly badminton, which brings joy and balance to his life. He is always ready to assist juniors and anyone seeking guidance, finding satisfaction in sharing experiences and learning from others. His ultimate goal is to contribute to the betterment of people's lives by preventing and treating diseases, dreaming of a world where preventable illnesses are minimized and healthcare is accessible to all.…
Keywords : Sacrum, chordoma, surgical approach, recurrence
